This paper examines changes in gender relations in a coastal community following the 2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami. Vulnerability and resilience are used as a conceptual framework to analyse these changes. Based on empirical evidence from a seven-year longitudinal study and quasi-ethnographic work, the paper explores changes in power relations at the different stages of the disaster and longer-term recovery as well as the conditions that fostered these changes. Findings show distinct patterns of change. First, disasters can trigger long-lasting changes that challenge historical patriarchal relations. Second, while vulnerability increases following a disaster, resilience can potentially counteract women’s vulnerability. Resilience can be a pathway to produce long-term changes in gender relations and empower women in the context of disasters.