This toolkit builds upon research conducted after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Tamil Nadu, and NGOs supporting recovery efforts. The author worked alongside NGO staff and grassroots women’s federation members who all contributed to this process with their insights and experiences. The toolkit is divided into four chapters: The first chapter analyses the differences between sex and gender, as well as societal gender roles, stereotypes, and the gender division of labour this entails. Chapter two focuses on the multiple vulnerability’s women, men and transgender persons face within society and during/post disaster, drawing on various case studies. The third chapter underlines tools and conceptual frameworks for analysing gender issues for both field practitioners and policy makers. The final chapter focuses on DRR activities in Tamil Nadu as well as gender mainstreaming efforts that have not been successful.