This manual provides some of the foundational concepts and issues of gender approaches in conflict and post-conflict situations. It also offers tools for gender mainstreaming at institutional level (for UNDP staff). As the recovery phase of any crisis or post-conflict situation is a critical period for social rehabilitation and positive transformation, the manual provides a road map on incorporating gender and gender relations with regard to providing opportunities for women’s skills and agency, as well as opportunities for income-earning and overall empowerment.