This thesis examines the prevalence and effects of gender-based violence during war on women and men. The author argues that applying a western medical model to survivors from non-western countries may not be the most comprehensive way of understanding their experiences of post-traumatic stress and proposes a model that accounts for the cultural context, gendered differences, and identity impact. Results identified a complex relationship between resilience, access to rights and support and identity in African refugees living in the United Kingdom. It also recognised cultural and societal influences in Africa and experiences in the UK as influential factors and the importance of support services to maintain resilience.