Led and governed by 14 women living with HIV from 11 countries, this global review is informed by a gender-responsive and human rights–based framework to explore the micro-, meso-, and macro-level factors that impact women’s experiences of treatment availability and their decision-making processes around its uptake. The findings address the interplay of structural factors that affect women’s overall access to health resources such as decision-making power, and stigma and discrimination/ fear of violence, and emphasises the critical need for gender-responsive and human rights-based approaches to treatment.