The book explores how conservative women are working towards having substantive representation of women in politics, but also tries to distinguish between what is substantive representation of women and the feminist perspective on substantive representation. Contributors to this edited collection address head-on the puzzle of conservative women who engage in gendered political representation but do so within a conservative setting. Individual chapters examine women's participation as conservative movement and party members, supporters, candidates, leaders, legislators and ministers - in countries ranging from Europe, the US, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Turkey and Morocco.